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Definition: Process Costing is defined as a branch of operation costing, that determines the cost of a product at each stage, i.e. process of production. It is an accounting method which is adopted by the factories or industries where the standardized identical product is produced, as well as it passes through multiple processes for being transformed into the final product.
In simple words, process costing is a cost accounting technique, in which the costs incurred during production are charged to processes and averaged over the total units manufactured. For this purpose, process accounts are opened in the books of accounts, for each process and all the expenses relating to the process for the period is charged to the respective process account.
Hence, it ascertains the total cost and unit cost of a process, for all the processes carried out in industry. Further, the average cost represents the cost per unit, wherein the total cost is divided by the total number of outputs produced during the period to arrive at the cost per unit. The cost per unit can be calculated using First in First Out Method (FIFO), Average Method and Weighted average Method.
Process costing is employed by the industries whose production process is continuous and repetitive, as well as the output of one process is the input of another process. So, chemical industry, oil refineries, cement industries, textile industries, soap manufacturing industries, paper manufacturing industries use this method.
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